“Hello everyone! ”
Ribbon简介
Ribbon 主要有三大模块,模块说明如下:
- ribbon-core:该模块为Ribbon项目的核心,主要包括负载均衡器接口定义、客户端接口定义、内置的负载均衡实现等API
- ribbon-eureka:为 Eureka 客户端提供的负载均衡实现类
- ribbon-httpclient:对 Apache 的 HttpClient 进行封装,该模块提供了含有负载均衡功能的 REST 客户端
第一步:创建服务集群
这一篇文章基于上一篇文章的工程, 启动EurekaServer工程;启动EurekaClient工程,它的端口为8762;复制工程EurekaClient,并将EurekaClient的配置文件的端口改为9873,并启动,这时你会 发现:EurekaClient在EurekaServer注册了2个实例,这就相当于一个小的集群。
第二步:创建一个服务消费者:
右键工程->创建创建module->选择spring initialir->web->web,cloud discovery->eureka discovery,cloud routing->ribbon,然后一直下一步就行了。
创建完成后:
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.test</groupId>
<artifactId>service-ribbon</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>service-ribbon</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.M1</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<name>Spring Milestones</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
</repositories>
</project>
配置appication.yml文件:
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eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:9871/eureka/
server:
port: 9874
spring:
application:
name: service-ribbon
第三步 配置启动类
在工程的启动类中,通过@EnableDiscoveryClient向服务中心注册;并且向程序的ioc注入一个bean: RestTemplate;并通过@LoadBalanced注解表明这个RestTemplate开启负载均衡的功能。
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import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ServiceRibbonApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ServiceRibbonApplication.class, args);
}
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
RestTemplate restTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
第四步:写一个测试类HelloService
通过之前注入ioc容器的RestTemplate来消费eureka-client服务的”/hello”接口, 在这里我们直接用的程序名替代了具体的url地址,在ribbon中它会根据服务名来选择具体的服务实例, 根据服务实例在请求的时候会用具体的url替换掉服务名,代码如下:
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import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Service
public class HelloService {
@Autowired
RestTemplate restTemplate;
public String helloService(String name){
return restTemplate.getForObject("http://eureka-client/hello?name="+name,String.class);
}
}
第五步:写一个测试类controller
在controller中用调用HelloService 的方法,代码如下:
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import com.test.serviceribbon.service.HelloService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class HelloController {
@Autowired
HelloService helloService;
@RequestMapping(value = "/hello")
public String hello(@RequestParam String name){
return helloService.helloService(name);
}
}
启动工程
打开 http://localhost:9874/hello?name=handsomeman ,你会在浏览器上看到交替显示:
hello: handsomeman,i am from port:9872
hello: handsomeman,i am from port:9873
这说明当我们通过调用restTemplate.getForObject(“http://eureka-client/hello?name=”+name,String.class);方法时,已经做了负载均衡,访问了不同的端口的服务实例。
源码下载:
https://github.com/mochengyanliu/SpringCloudLearn/tree/master/section2